Modi's India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy

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This represented a shift away from the policy of the previous Congress government, which had supported programmes to assist public health goals, including a reduction in child and maternal mortality rates. In mid 1968, Modi reached Belur Math but was turned away, after which he visited Calcutta, West Bengal and Assam, stopping in Siliguri and Guwahati. It is important to assess how successful his initiatives have been in the arena of foreign affairs in comparison to his predecessors. In 1983, he received a Master of Arts (MA) degree in political science from Gujarat University, graduating with a first class [80] [81] as an external distance learning student. The lavish Hindu temple that Mr Modi is about to open is built on the site of that destroyed mosque.

Modi was ranked fifth on Fortune Magazine 's first annual list of the "World's Greatest Leaders" in 2015. The construction projects faced allegations of corruption and severe difficulty in getting people to use the newly constructed toilets. At the COP26 conference, Modi announced India would target carbon neutrality by 2070 and expand its renewable energy capacity. India's death toll was thus the highest worldwide, accounting for more than 20% of all Covid deaths.Modi repealed 1,200 obsolete laws in first three years as prime minister; 1,301 such laws had been repealed by previous governments in the previous 64 years. Modi's campaign focused on defence and national security, especially after the Pulwama attack and the retaliatory Balakot airstrike, which was counted as an achievement of his administration. The National Health Mission, which included public health programmes targeted at these indices, received nearly 20 percent less funding [323] [324] in 2015 than in the previous year. The policy, which was renamed the "Act East Policy", involved directing Indian foreign policy towards East Asia and Southeast Asia. Modi is a vegetarian and teetotaller, [426] [427] who has a frugal lifestyle, and is a workaholic and introvert.

The president of the state unit of the BJP expressed support for the bandh despite such actions being illegal at the time. P olitics and religion cannot be mixed,” ruled India’s Supreme Court in 1994 in what was then considered a decisive elucidation of the country’s secular constitution.As a result, Modi's populism is based on economic development for the ‘plebeians and fear of the others’, mainly Muslims (p. During its raids in 2013 and 2014, the CBI seized some diaries from two big Indian companies, Sahara Group and Aditya Birla Group. The party’s rule has coincided, however, with the country acquiring the label of an illiberal democracy. Or consider economic stability, which depends on the management of the economy by internationally credible technocrats, not BJP ideologues.