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A. muciniphila is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that is selectively reduced in the fecal microbiota of patients with colitis or colitis-associated cancer (CAC). amuc_1100 is a special protein that can be isolated from the outer membrane of A. muciniphila. Once isolated, amuc_1100 still exerts biological activity and plays a beneficial role at the temperature used for pasteurization. A. muciniphila or amuc_1100 has been shown to alleviate colitis and CAC, reduce CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (cTls), and the infiltration of macrophages in the colon, and may therefore represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of colitis and CRC ( Wang etal., 2020). However, research has shown that the population of Akkermansia was significantly increased in a mouse model (BALB/c) of CAC fed a high-fat diet ( Wu etal., 2016). The Apc min/+ mouse model (C57BL/6J) has a tumorigenic phenotype and can develop intestinal tumors; research has shown that high-fat diet could accelerate the process of carcinogenesis. Berberine has been shown to significantly reduce intestinal-tumor development and cause changes in the structure of the GM in Apc min/+ mice (C57BL/6J) fed on a high-fat diet ( Wang etal., 2018). Berberine can clearly inhibit the increased abundance of Verrucomicrobia at the phylum level. At the genus level, berberine can suppress Akkermansia and increase the abundance of some SCFA-producing bacteria ( Wang etal., 2018). The only downside? This method of delivery puts a limit on the dosage; each capsule delivers only 400 mg of berberine 5. We Like Vitamins Berberine
Berberine: Benefits, supplements, side effects, dosage, and more
Wang H., Guan L., Li J., Lai M., Wen X. (2018). The Effects of Berberine on the Gut Microbiota in Apc (min/+) Mice Fed with a High Fat Diet. Molecules 23 ( 9), 2298. 10.3390/molecules23092298 People with irritable bowel syndrome. Interestingly, berberine also has a dedicated core of advocates among people who have irritable bowel syndrome. The structure of berberine contains an extended π–π conjugate system, which hardly emits fluorescence in water. The micellar solution of SDS is optically transparent, stable, and free of fluorescence, but has the properties of solubilization, sensitization, and stabilization for fluorescence determination [ 22]. Therefore, this study used 0.01 mol/L SDS as a medium to improve the fluorescence effect of BH and BF by improving the medium microenvironment of berberine.
The global health burden of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, and complications of diabetes, is rapidly increasing ( Al Rifai et al., 2021; Ji et al., 2021; Riccardi et al., 2021). Epidemiological surveys have shown that the increasing cost of vascular diseases worldwide compromises quality of life for individuals ( Liss et al., 2021). In addition, a broad variety of factors, including inflammation, vascular dysplasia, oxidative stress, and abnormal lipid metabolism, cause vascular diseases ( Guzik and Touyz, 2017; Feng et al., 2020). Hence, strategies aiming to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress and normalize the lipid metabolism are generally used to treat and prevent the vascular diseases, and statins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and novel biological agents are common therapeutic agents ( Oesterle et al., 2017; Lu et al., 2018; Doña et al., 2020). However, the high cost and side effect profiles of these drugs make finding cheaper alternatives with fewer side effects and similar or better therapeutic outcomes a matter of urgency. Therapies used in traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have long been used as complementary and alternative medicines for the treatment of vascular disease in China ( Cheng et al., 2017; Li et al., 2018b). Recently, these have garnered research interest owing to fewer adverse reactions and lower toxicities of these compounds compared with those identified and used in western medicine ( Xie et al., 2019; Oduro et al., 2020; Atanasov et al., 2021). Undeniably, TCM has made an indelible contribution to human health and is considered a potential source of therapies derived from natural, rather than synthetic, sources. Therefore, there is an increased emphasis on the use of medicinal plants such as those used in TCM in the development of novel drugs. Roudini L., NayebZadeh Eidgahi N., Rahimi H. R., Saberi M. R., Amiri Tehranizadeh Z., Beigoli S., et al.. (2019). Determining the interaction behavior of calf thymus DNA with berberine hydrochloride in the presence of linker histone: a biophysical study. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 38 ( 2), 364–381. 10.1080/07391102.2019
Berberine: A Powerful Antifungal With Many Benefits Berberine: A Powerful Antifungal With Many Benefits
Sekirov I., Russell S. L., Antunes L. C., Finlay B. B. (2010). Gut microbiota in health and disease. Physiol. Rev. 90 ( 3), 859–904. 10.1152/physrev.00045.2009 These mechanisms are fairly well-researched, but berberine also appears to exert some direct benefits on weight loss, and may have benefits for controlling irritable bowel syndrome as well—the reasoning behind why it works in these applications are less well-understood. Clinical evidence suggests that berberine can reduce endothelial inflammation and improve vascular health ( Cicero and Baggioni, 2016). Shi etal. further reported that berberine may modulate the composition of the GM in subjects with atherosclerosis ( Shi etal., 2018). Other studies have shown that berberine could be used to treat atherosclerosis by increasing the abundance of Akkermansia spp in mice(C57BL) fed a high-fat diet ( Zhu etal., 2018). In addition, berberine was shown to reduce HFD-induced metabolic endotoxemia and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the arteries and in the intestine. Wang L. L., Guo H. H., Huang S., Feng C. L., Han Y. X., Jiang J. D. (2017). Comprehensive evaluation of SCFA production in the intestinal bacteria regulated by berberine using gas-chromatography combined with polymerase chain reaction. J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 1057, 70–80 A: Berberine primarily acts on your body’s metabolic environment, helping to prevent the stresses of a poor diet and the stresses of being overweight or obese from causing increases in your blood lipids and blood cholesterol.Organic berberine could be an effective antimicrobial agent. A laboratory studyTrusted Source found that berberine helped inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.S. aureus can cause many health problems, including sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, and a range of skin conditions.Another studyTrusted Source found that berberine has the ability to damage the DNA and protein of certain bacteria.
berberine supplements of 2022 - Body Nutrition Ranking the best berberine supplements of 2022 - Body Nutrition
Shen J., Tong X., Sud N., Khound R., Song Y., Maldonado-Gomez M. X., et al.. (2016). Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Signaling Mediates the Triglyceride-Lowering Action of Akkermansia muciniphila in Genetic-Induced Hyperlipidemia. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 36 ( 7), 1448–1456. 10.1161/ATVBAHA.116.307597 As shown in Figure 4, after scanning the heart, liver, kidney, lung, and intestine, we found that the drugs accumulated mainly in the intestinal tract, liver, kidney, and lung. Compared with BH, the accumulation of BF in the lung was more obvious, possibly because of the increased lipid solubility of berberine, which results in a change of its affinity to tissues. As shown in Figure 4E,F, large amounts of berberine were excreted through the intestinal tract after oral administration. The intestinal tract contains a large number of microorganisms, and diet is the main factor determining the composition of intestinal flora [ 27, 28, 29]. Various metabolites produced by microorganisms can enter the blood circulation system by absorption, enterohepatic circulation, or impaired intestinal barriers [ 30]. Cui H. X., Hu Y. N., Li J. W., Yuan K. (2018. a). Hypoglycemic Mechanism of the Berberine Organic Acid Salt under the Synergistic Effect of Intestinal Flora and Oxidative Stress. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev. 2018, 8930374. 10.1155/2018/8930374Other research has shown that berberine can reduce the expression of hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) and the serum levels of proteins involved in the trimethylamine N-oxide FXR signaling pathway ( Shi etal., 2018). Similarly, the levels of primary bile acids (e.g., β-muricholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid) were shown to be increased in the livers and sera of mice (C57BL/6) fed berberine; the levels of secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid and T-conjugates) were reduced ( Guo etal., 2016). Another study reported that the expression of bile acid-synthetic enzymes (e.g., cytochrome P450 (Cyp)7a1 and Cyp8b1), and an uptake transporter sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (Ntcp), increased by 39 to 400% in the livers of mice fed high doses of berberine; however, there was no significant change in the expression levels of the nuclear receptor and efflux transporter ( Guo etal., 2016).
Berberine: A Review of its Pharmacokinetics Frontiers | Berberine: A Review of its Pharmacokinetics
With 600 mg of berberine per capsule, independent lab verification for purity, and no extraneous ingredients, Nuzena is a great choice. High dose, super-pure, and easy to use.Mollica M. P., Mattace Raso G., Cavaliere G., Trinchese G., De Filippo C., Aceto S., et al.. (2017). Butyrate regulates liver mitochondrial function, efficiency, and dynamics in insulin-resistant obese mice. Diabetes 66 ( 5), 1405–1418. 10.2337/db16-0924 Berberine has many pharmacological effects, such as antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant, but the question remains on how its low oral bioavailability has greatly limited its clinical application. As a safer hypoglycemic agent, we must evaluate the bioavailability of berberine organic acid salts (BOAs) to ensure that the bioavailability of berberine is not negatively affected. It has been proven that the bioavailability of BOAs is higher than that of BH (berberine hydrochloride); especially BF (berberine fumarate) and BS (berberine succinate), which are improved by 1.278-fold and 1.313-fold, respectively. After 1 h of oral administration, berberine mainly acted on the stomach of mice, it also influenced the liver, kidney, lungs, and intestines after 4 h. The accumulation of BF in the lung is more evident than BH. Our analysis shows that these results are closely related to the regulation of organic acids and berberine in the intestinal tract, they also indicate the influence of intestinal flora on berberine metabolism. Berberine and its derivatives display several pharmacologic effects through various mechanisms ( Jin etal., 2016). Berberine may be therapeutic against various types of chronic diseases, such as obesity, DM, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases, due to its multiple-target effects ( Jin etal., 2016). Also, the binding of berberine with histone–DNA complexes can cause interferences in vital cellular processes, such as cell division and cause the death of cancer cells by activating the apoptosis in living cells ( Chen etal., 2016; Hasanein etal., 2017; Roudini etal., 2019). In vitro, berberine has important anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
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