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In 1864, Emperor Franz Joseph met Maximilian at his idyllic Miramare to sign the so-called “Family Pact.” This was ominous and devastating. In the pact, Maximilian reluctantly renounced all his rights to the Austrian throne should his brother ever pass. It was the final nail in the coffin for any of his hopes of becoming an Austrian monarch, but at least he had the Mexican throne to look forward to…right? Cultural depictions and portrayals [ edit ] The Execution of Emperor Maximilian (last version, 1868–69), oil on canvas, 252 × 305 cm. Kunsthalle Mannheim
Isaí Hidekel Tejada Vallejo (2010). "Preface: "El fusilamiento de Maximiliano de Habsburgo" ". Manifiesto justificativo de los castigos nacionales en Querétaro (PDF). By Benito Juárez. Chamber of Deputies, LXI Legislature. Abandoned by his French allies, Maximilian still chose to stay with a dwindling number of Austrian volunteers, ex-Confederate mercenaries and Mexican supporters to face off against Juárez’s growing armies of U.S.-armed and funded troops. While clearly a bad call for his personal survival, Maximilian’s decision to stay is romantic in an antiquated way—and so dumb as to be almost heroic. He bet it all on glory and power in Mexico. He at least had the decency not to sulk off to European palaces after losing. He stayed and fought in what he called “his country.” Maximilian’s last words before the firing squad were “ Viva Mexico.” See also: Monarchism in Mexico At Miramar castle the Mexican Delegation appoints Ferdinand Maximilian of Habsburg as Emperor of Mexico by Cesare Dell'Acqua (1864)McAllen, M.M. (8 January 2014). Maximilian and Carlota: Europe's Last Empire in Mexico. Trinity University Press. p.142. ISBN 9781595341853. Duncan, Robert H. (2020). " "Beneath a Rich Blaze of Golden Sunlight": The Travels of Archduke Maximilian through Brazil, 1860". Terrae Incognitae. 52 (1): 37–64. doi: 10.1080/00822884.2020.1726025. ISSN 0082-2884. S2CID 213261011.
Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1887). History of Mexico Volume VI 1861–1887. San Francisco: The History Company. pp.309–312. Charlotte made efforts to win over her subjects, speaking Italian, visiting charitable institutions, inaugurating schools, and dressing in native Lombard dress. [61] On Easter 1858, Maximilian and Charlotte sailed down the Grand Canal of Venice in ceremonial dress. [62] Despite their efforts, anti-Austrian sentiment continued to spread rapidly throughout the Italian population. [56] There are portrayals of Maximilian on stage, in film and television. In theater, the play by Franz Werfel Juarez and Maximilian focuses on the two historical figures; it was performed in Berlin in 1924, directed by Max Reinhardt. In cinema, the 1934 Mexican film Juárez y Maximiliano he is played by Enrique Herrera; in the 1939 American film Juarez by Brian Aherne. In the 1939 film The Mad Empress, about his wife, Maximilian was played by Conrad Nagel. Maximilian is portrayed in one scene in the 1954 American film Vera Cruz, played by George Macready. In the Mexican telenovela El Vuelo del Águila, Maximilian was portrayed by Mexican actor Mario Iván Martínez. [ citation needed] The German-produced Netflix historical drama The Empress, premiering in 2022, centers on the life of Empress Elisabeth of Austria, Maximilian's sister-in-law. Maximilian, played by actor Johannes Nussbaum, is portrayed in an unfavorable light. [ citation needed]But as Shawcross expertly points out, it is much more than this. And Emperor Maximilian himself was much more than a dumb bystander puppet for European (French) colonial adventures who knew nothing of Mexico. He was passionate about the sciences, arts, literature, and unlike his brother, Franz Josef, a patron of the Enlightenment movement. He spoke Spanish fluently, studied the country deeply when he arrived, placed respect on its traditions, honoured important dates in its history, wore Mexican clothing, and even placed deep recognition of Mexico’s indigenous heritage by meeting with tribal chieftains and ardently learning about pre-Columbian history.
Haslip, Joan (1972). The Crown of Mexico: Maximilian and His Empress Carlota. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 0-03-086572-7. Since Maximilian was a descendant of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Spain when the Spaniards conquered the Aztecs (1519–21) and brought Mexico into the Spanish Empire, until Mexican independence in 1821, Maximilian would seem to be a perfect candidate for the conservatives' plans for monarchy in Mexico, with his royal pedigree. [3] Maximilian was interested in assuming the throne, but with guarantees of French support. Mexican conservatives did not take sufficient account of Maximilian's embrace of liberalism, and Maximilian took insufficient account of being a foreign outsider, no matter how high-minded his plans might be. [4] At the time the idea of Maximilian as emperor of Mexico was first raised, it seemed farfetched, but circumstances changed making it a viable plan. His tenure as emperor was just three years, ending with his execution by firing squad by forces of the Restored Republic on 19 June 1867. Although the new Emperor of Mexico had the French army on his side, military might simply wasn’t going to cut it with the disgruntled people of Mexico. Instead, the royal couple went for PR tactics, with Charlotte changing her name to “Empress Carlota” in a very cringey bid to blend in. Oh, but these two had even worse ideas up their sleeves.The Superior Government Junta by the Conservative Party decreed on July 11, 1863 [2] the following: The year that Maximilian married his prized beauty Princess Charlotte, the new couple took over governance of Milan. Within months, the Emperor got a stunning revenge. Apparently tired of Maximilian’s liberal policies in the capital and likely annoyed at a lifetime of his barbs, Franz Joseph suddenly fired his own brother from the job, all but rendering the prince obsolete as a royal. Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1888). History of Mexico Volume VI 1861–1887. The Bancroft Company. pp.206–207. This is one the THE best books of Mexican history I have ever read, so much so that I frequently had to stop myself from reading so I could go do other things. Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1888). History of Mexico Volume VI 1861–1887. The Bancroft Company. pp.183–184.
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