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M. flexor digitorum superficialis (m. flexor digitorum sublimis): This very thin muscle originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Its four tendons insert on the base of the 2nd phalanx of digits I to IV ( Figures 33 and 35).
M. gastrocnemius: The lateral and medial heads of the gastrocnemius muscle arise from the lateral and medial epicondyle of the femur, respectively. A sesamoid bone is present in each tendon of origin (ossa sesamoidea m. gastrocnemii or fabellae). The tendo Achilles attaches to the tuber calcanei ( Figures 25, 26, 36, 38, and 39). M. pectineus: This short, fusiform muscle runs from the pecten pubis to the medioproximal aspect of the femur ( Figures 25 and 37). In this chapter, you will be required to speak with King Awowogei and retrieve a monkey from the Ardougne Zoo. If you need to bank, you can skip to retrieving the monkey in Ardougne, and then speak with Awowogei when you return to Ape Atoll (steps 1-3). M. opponens digiti primi (pollicis): This muscle lies below the short abductor of the thumb. It runs from the transverse carpal ligament to the 1st metacarpal bone.M. zygomaticus: The origin of this band-shaped muscle is the zygomatic arch, whereas the insertion is the lateral angle of the mouth.
M. semitendinosus: This muscle also arises from the sciatic tuberosity, just caudal to the biceps femoris muscle. The tendon lies superficial to the semimembranosus muscle and attaches to the medial surface of the tibial shaft, deep to the tendon of the gracilis muscle ( Figures 26, 36, and 38).
M. brachioradialis: This muscle runs from the lateral humeral epicondyle to the distal aspect of the radius ( Figures 32– 35). With the permission of the government of Ethiopia, Johanson brought all the skeletal fragments to the Cleveland Museum of Natural History in Ohio, where they were stabilized and reconstructed by anthropologist Owen Lovejoy. Lucy the pre-human hominid and fossil hominin, captured much public notice; she became almost a household name at the time. Some nine years later, and now assembled altogether, she was returned to Ethiopia. [21] Later discoveries Mm. lumbricales pedis: Four fine muscle strands find their origins deep to the flexor digitorum brevis muscle. They run medial to the metatarsal bones of the 2nd to 5th digits to insert into their proximal phalanges ( Figure 41). M. flexor digiti primi (pollicis) brevis: This muscle lies just lateral to the former. It also starts on the transverse carpal ligament and is inserted into the base of the proximal phalanx of the pollex ( Figure 35). Ape Atoll is one of the most dangerous areas in the game. All native creatures other than the level 5 birds will be aggressive towards you, regardless of your combat level, whenever you're not wearing the monkey greegree made later in the quest. Players can hug the coasts of Ape Atoll when moving to avoid the poisonous snakes and spiders; some snakes may still be encountered this way, but players can simply wait for them to move.
The elbow joint is formed by the humerus, radius and ulna. As such, a humeroradial and a proximal radioulnar articulation are present. The lateral collateral band originates at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and attaches to the ulna (lateral coronoid process). It is therefore called the ulnar collateral ligament. The radial collateral ligament can be found between the medial humeral epicondyle and the radius (radial head) and ulna (medial coronoid process). The radial annular ligament attaches to both coronoid processes and encloses the radial head. In between the radius and ulna, the interosseous membrane can be seen. The distal radioulnar joint has a firm joint capsule that keeps both bones together. Tomkins, Stephen (1998). The Origins of Humankind. Cambridge University Press. p.136. ISBN 978-0-521-46676-9. Pars sternocapsularis: The sternoclavicular joint and the manubrium is the origo while the insertion is the intertubercular groove of the humerus ( Figure 30).
Johanson thought Lucy was either a small member of the genus Homo or a small australopithecine. Only after analysing other fossils subsequently uncovered nearby and at Laetoli in Kenya did scientists establish a new species, Australopithecus afarensis, four years after Lucy's discovery. The king will then redirect you to Daero for your training as a new 10th squad member, so go have a chat with Daero for the experience rewards. Lucy was exhibited at the Discovery Times Square Exposition in New York City from June until October 2009. [42] In New York, the exhibition included Ida (Plate B), the other half of the recently announced Darwinius masilae fossil. [43] She was also exhibited in Mexico at the Mexico Museum of Anthropology until its return to Ethiopia in May 2013. The atlanto-occipital joint between the occipital condyles of the skull and the cranial articulating foveae of the atlas (first cervical vertebra) is dorsally covered by the atlanto-occipital membrane. The bilateral articulations are laterally reinforced by the lateral ligaments. Most monkey species will give birth to a new baby approximately once every year. Monkey mothers will typically nurse and care for a newborn monkey for at least a few months until the baby monkey becomes more independent. During this time, the baby monkey might cling to the mother exclusively, preventing the mother from having another baby.
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