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Mary I (18 February 1516– 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, and as " Bloody Mary" by her Protestant opponents, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain as the wife of King Philip II from January 1556 until her death in 1558. She is best known for her vigorous attempt to reverse the English Reformation, which had begun during the reign of her father, King Henry VIII. Her attempt to restore to the Church the property confiscated in the previous two reigns was largely thwarted by Parliament, but during her five-year reign, Mary had over 280 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian persecutions. Hoyle, R. W. (2001). The Pilgrimage of Grace and the Politics of the 1530s. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-925906-2. OL 22264908M. Weikel, Ann (2004; online edition 2008). "Mary I (1516–1558)" in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (subscription or UK public library membership required). Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/ref:odnb/18245.
Haigh, Christopher (1992). English Reformations: religion, politics and society under the Tudors. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-198-22163-0. OCLC 26720329. OL 1718720M.
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Rebels in the North of England, including Lord Hussey, Mary's former chamberlain, campaigned against Henry's religious reforms, and one of their demands was that Mary be made legitimate. The rebellion, known as the Pilgrimage of Grace, was ruthlessly suppressed. [51] Along with other rebels, Hussey was executed, but there is no suggestion that Mary was directly involved. [52] In 1537, Queen Jane died after giving birth to a son, Edward. Mary was made godmother to her half-brother and acted as chief mourner at the queen's funeral. [53] Mary in 1544 1545 painting showing left to right: 'Mother Jak', Mary, Edward, Henry VIII, Jane Seymour (posthumous), Elizabeth, Will Somers (court fool) According to Refinery29, rumors spread in the French court that Mary had “been delivered of a mole, or lump of flesh.” Possibly, she had a molar pregnancy, a complication known as a hydatidiform mole. In January 1556, Mary's father-in-law the Emperor abdicated. Mary and Philip were still apart; he was declared King of Spain in Brussels, but she stayed in England. Philip negotiated an unsteady truce with the French in February 1556. The next month, the French ambassador in England, Antoine de Noailles, was implicated in a plot against Mary when Sir Henry Dudley, a second cousin of the executed Duke of Northumberland, attempted to assemble an invasion force in France. The plot, known as the Dudley conspiracy, was betrayed, and the conspirators in England were rounded up. Dudley remained in exile in France, and Noailles prudently left Britain. [135]
Spain: August 1557". (1954). Calendar of State Papers, Spain, Volume 13, 1554-1558, ed. Royall Tyler (London). pp. 308-318. British History Online [accessed 1 December 2021].
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These limited-edition donuts were only available at two Miami-area Dunkin Donuts locations for one day. You could totally improvise your own, though, by drizzling a little Franks RedHot sauce on a jelly donut.
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