Ravensden Soft Toy Orangutan Sitting 28cm

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a b Lameira, A. R.; Hardus, M. E.; Shumaker, R. W.; Wich, S. A.; Menken, S. B. J. (2015). "Speech-Like Rhythm in a Voiced and Voiceless Orangutan Call". PLOS ONE. 10 (1): e116136. Bibcode: 2015PLoSO..10k6136L. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116136. PMC 4287529. PMID 25569211.

You can typically tell male and female orangutans apart by looking at them. Males and females have flabby throat sacs, which become very large in adult males. Adult males have deep chests and much longer body hair than females do. Males also typically develop large cheek pads, which demonstrate genetic fitness and amplify their long calls.

Hays, Jeffrey. "Endangered Orangutans: Fires, Poaching and Palm Oil: Facts and Details". factsanddetails.com. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019 . Retrieved 12 May 2019. The most arboreal of the great apes, orangutans spend most of their time in trees. They have proportionally long arms and short legs, and have reddish-brown hair covering their bodies. Adult males weigh about 75kg (165lb), while females reach about 37kg (82lb). Dominant adult males develop distinctive cheek pads or flanges and make long calls that attract females and intimidate rivals; younger subordinate males do not and more resemble adult females. Orangutans are the most solitary of the great apes: social bonds occur primarily between mothers and their dependent offspring. Fruit is the most important component of an orangutan's diet; but they will also eat vegetation, bark, honey, insects and bird eggs. They can live over 30years, both in the wild and in captivity. Orangutans are among the most intelligent primates. They use a variety of sophisticated tools and construct elaborate sleeping nests each night from branches and foliage. The apes' learning abilities have been studied extensively. There may be distinctive cultures within populations. Orangutans have been featured in literature and art since at least the 18th century, particularly in works that comment on human society. Field studies of the apes were pioneered by primatologist Birutė Galdikas and they have been kept in captive facilities around the world since at least the early 19th century. Scott, A. M.; Knott, C. D.; Susanto, T. W. (2019). "Are Male Orangutans a Threat to Infants? Evidence of Mother–Offspring Counterstrategies to Infanticide in Bornean Orangutans ( Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii)". International Journal of Primatology. 44 (3): 435–55. doi: 10.1007/s10764-019-00097-8. hdl: 2144/39274. S2CID 198190605.

a b c Singleton, I.; Wich, S. A.; Griffiths, M. (2008). " Pongo abelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008 . Retrieved 28 January 2011. Tan, Peter (October 1998). "Malay loan words across different dialects of English". English Today. 14 (4): 44–50. doi: 10.1017/S026607840001052X. S2CID 144326996.Hilloowala, R. A.; Trent, R. B. (1988). "Supraorbital ridge and masticatory apparatus I: Primates". Human Evolution. 3 (5): 343–50. doi: 10.1007/BF02447216. S2CID 83923845. Orangutan". Alpha Dictionary. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016 . Retrieved 20 December 2006. The word orangutan appears in its older form urangutan, in a variety of premodern sources in the Old Javanese language. The earliest of these is the Kakawin Ramayana, a ninth-century or early tenth-century Javanese adaption of the Sanskrit Ramayana. In these Old Javanese sources, the word urangutan refers only to apes and not to forest-dwelling human beings. The word was not originally Javanese, but was borrowed from an early Malayic language at least a thousand years ago. Hence the ultimate origin of the term "orangutan" as denoting the Pongo ape was most likely Old Malay. [2] van Schaik, C. P.; Ancrenaz, M.; Borgen, G.; Galdikas, B.; Knott, C. D.; Singleton, I.; Suzuki, A.; Utami, S. S.; Merrill, M.; etal. (2003). "Orangutan cultures and the evolution of material culture". Science. 299 (5603): 102–05. Bibcode: 2003Sci...299..102V. doi: 10.1126/science.1078004. PMID 12511649. S2CID 25139547.