One Step Protein Test Strips Urine Testing Kits (100 Tests)

Product Information

False positive reactions can be due to unusual pigments in the urine (for example, yellowy orange phenazopyridine metabolites, indican and the metabolites of the medicine Lodine ( Etodolac)). False negatives can also be given by poorly stored samples as the bilirubin is photosensitive and undergoes photo oxidation to biliverdin when it is exposed to light, or hydrolysis of the glucuronide can occur producing free bilirubin which is less reactive. [6] Urobilinogen test [ edit ] Conjugated bilirubin appears in urine when the normal degradation cycle is altered due to the obstruction of the biliary ducts or when the kidney's functional integrity is damaged. This allows the escape of conjugated bilirubin into the circulation as occurs in hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis). Under normal conditions nearly all the glucose removed in the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule. If the blood glucose level increases, as happens in diabetes mellitus, the capacity of the convoluted tubule to reabsorb glucose is exceeded (an effect known as renal reabsorption threshold). For glucose this threshold is between 160–180mg/dL. Glucose concentrations vary in an individual, and a healthy person can present with transitory glucosuria after a meal high in sugars; therefore the most representative results come from samples obtained at least two hours after food is eaten.

The presence of myoglobin in urine gives a positive reaction in the test strip's blood test but the urine appears clear with a red to brown colouration. The presence of myoglobin in place of hemoglobin can be caused by pathologies associated with muscular damage ( rhabdomyolysis), such as trauma, crush syndrome, prolonged coma, convulsions, progressive muscular atrophy, alcoholism, heroin abuse and strenuous physical activity.Note that your urine’s acidity level may also be influenced by your diet. Eating a lot of protein may make your urine more acidic, while eating a lot of dairy or vegetables may make your urine less acidic. Carl Friedrich Gärtner (1772–1850) expressed a wish for an easy way of testing urine for disease at the patient's bedside. [24] Urine diagnostics makes major progress as reliability improves and test performance becomes progressively easier. Compendium Urinalysis: Urinalysis with Test Strips. Dr E F Hohenberger, Dr H Kimling (2002) http://www.diavant.com/diavant/servlet/MDBOutput?fileId=1392

Comparing tests for kidney disease is difficult because there are many different methods of collecting and analyzing samples. The most basic criterion for diagnosing kidney disease is a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) value. Glomeruli are tiny filters in the kidneys, and GFR is a measurement of how well these filters work. The esterase reaction needs about 2 minutes to take place. The presence of strong oxidising agents or formaldehyde can cause false positives. False negative results are associated with elevated concentrations of protein (greater than 500mg/dL), glucose (greater than 3 g/dL), oxalic acid and ascorbic acid. Urine with a high specific gravity can also cause leukocyte crenation, which can impede the liberation of the esterases. [22] Detection limit [ edit ] To avoid color bleeding from adjacent pads, it is not recommended to urinate directly on multiparameter urine test strips. Use a clean disposable container to collect the urine sample, preferably a sterile cup.

Graff, Laurine (1987). "2". Análisis de orina - Atlas Colour (in Spanish) (1ªed.). Ed. Médica Panamericana. p.59. ISBN 978-950-06-0841-1 . Retrieved 14 March 2012. In addition to removing wastes, your kidneys also balance water, salt, and electrolytes in your blood. Such functions can help create red blood cells and balance your blood pressure. To monitor a medical condition. If you’ve been diagnosed with a medical condition, such as kidney disease or a urinary tract disease, urinalysis regularly helps monitor your condition and treatment. Trace amounts of protein in your urine aren’t usually a cause for concern. Protein can enter your urine for several reasons, and not all are a sign of a serious health problem. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is known to interfere with the oxidation reaction of the blood and glucose pad on common urine test strips. Some urine test strips are protected against the interference with iodate, which eliminates ascorbic acid by oxidation. [25] Some test strips include a test for urinary ascorbate.