Proceedings, of the Worcester Society of Entiquity, Vol. 21 (Classic Reprint)

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Roman Empire at largest extent under Trajan after having conquered modern-day Romania, Iraq and Armenia. BC: Indus Valley Civilization comes to an end but is continued by the Cemetery H culture; The beginning of Poverty Point culture in North America. Lewis, D.M.; Boardman, John; Davies, J.K.; etal., eds. (1992). "Preface". The Cambridge Ancient History Volume V: The Fifth Century B.C. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-23347-7.

Dodds, E. R. (1964). The Greeks and the Irrational. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.Homer is thought to have written his epics, The Iliad and The Odyssey. It is the time when Rome was founded. The Persians were expanding their empire in the eastern Mediterranean. It is thought this was the period of the famous Biblical kings, or at least Samuel, and later, the time of the Babylonian Captivity. Main article: Classical Greece Delian League ("Athenian Empire"), right before the Peloponnesian War in 431BC Indo-European speaking peoples began to spread into India about 1500 BC. The Rigveda, in Sanskrit, dates to this period and begins a period often known as the Vedic period. [90] Between 1500 and 500 BC these peoples spread throughout most of India and had begun to found small cities. [91] Vedic society was characterized by the varna system which divided society into four broad castes, which were later elaborated. By the end of the Vedic period, this way of organizing society had become central to Indian society. [92] Religion in the late Vedic period was evolving into Hinduism, which spread throughout Southeast Asia. [93] Siddhartha Gautama, born around 560 BC in northern India, went on to found a new religion based on his ascetic life – Buddhism. This faith also spread throughout Eastern and Southeastern Asia after his death. [94] This period also saw the composition of the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata. [93] The Shang dynasty traditionally is dated to 1766 to 1122 BC. Bronze was central to Shang culture and technology, with chariots and bronze weapons helping to expand Shang control over northern China. The cities at Ao and Yinxu, near Anyang, have been excavated and city walls, royal palaces, and archives as well as tombs and workshops were found. [104] A system of writing developed, beginning with oracle bones, of which over 100,000 are still extant. [105]

c. 1 AD – 50 AD: The Periplus of the Erythrean Sea, a Graeco-Roman manuscript is written. It describes an established Indian Ocean Trade route. [26] BC: Panini standardizes the grammar and morphology of Sanskrit in the text Ashtadhyayi. Panini's standardized Sanskrit is known as Classical Sanskrit. Trajan dies of natural causes. His adopted son Hadrian succeeds him. Hadrian pulls out of Iraq and Armenia. Diocletian becomes emperor of Rome and splits the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western Roman Empires. c. 145 BC: Eucratides I dies; Greco-Bactrian Kingdom collapses. Remnants move southwards to form the Indo-Greek Kingdom.

Other words from antiquity

This was the period when, if the Trojan War is real, it probably happened. It probably corresponds to the time of the Biblical Book of Exodus. Clist, Bernard. (1987). A critical reappraisal of the chronological framework of the early Urewe Iron Age industry. Muntu. 6. 35-62. Wijesooriya, S. (2006). A Concise Sinhala Mahavamsa. Kotte: Participatory Development Forum. ISBN 978-955-9140-31-3.

Ultimately, it was a slow, complex, and graduated change in the socio-economic structure in European history that led to the changeover between classical antiquity and medieval society and no specific date can truly exemplify that. BC: Earliest theorized date for birth of Jesus of Nazareth. Roman succession: Gaius Caesar and Lucius Caesar groomed for the throne. The Ta-Seti kingdom in Nubia to the south of Egypt was conquered by Egyptian rulers around 3100 BC, but by 2500 BC the Nubians had created a new kingdom further south, known as the Kingdom of Kush, centred on the upper Nile with a capital at Kerma. [77] In the Egyptian New Kingdom period, Kush once more was conquered by Egypt. However, by 1100 BC a new kingdom of Kush had formed, with a capital at Napata. Nubian rulers conquered Egypt around 760 BC and retained control for about a century. [78] Aksum and ancient Ethiopia [ edit ] The Ezana Stone records negus Ezana's conversion to Christianity and conquests of his neighbors.The Greco-Persian Wars (499–449BC), concluded by the Peace of Callias gave way not only to the liberation of Greece, Macedon, Thrace, and Ionia from Persian rule, but also resulted in giving the dominant position of Athens in the Delian League, which led to conflict with Sparta and the Peloponnesian League, resulting in the Peloponnesian War (431–404BC), ending in a Spartan victory. BC – 2100 BC: 4.2-kiloyear event: a severe aridification phase, likely connected to a Bond event, which was registered throughout most of North Africa, Middle East and continental North America. Related droughts very likely caused the collapse of the Old Kingdom in Egypt and the Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia. Embark on postgraduate study in Classics, Ancient History and Archaeology (CAHA) at the University of Birmingham and become a part of an internationally acclaimed research community.